Can you list the main types of computer networks based on coverage area?

The main types include:

• Personal Area Network (PAN): Covers a private area like a home office.
• Local Area Network (LAN): Connects computers within a limited area like a room or building.
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Connects multiple LANs within a city.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): Covers extensive geographic areas, such as the internet.

What is the difference between a client and a server?

In a network, a client is a device that initiates requests for resources or services. A server is a device responsible for providing, delivering, and managing access to those resources,.

What is the minimum RAM requirement to install Windows Server 2025?

The minimum RAM required is 512 MB. However, if you are installing the Desktop Experience option, 2 GB is required.

What are the primary editions of Windows Server 2025?

The primary editions are:

• Datacenter Edition: For extensive virtualization and cloud environments.
• Standard Edition: For smaller organizations with fewer virtual instances.
• Azure Edition: For evaluating Windows Server within Azure VMs.
• Annual Channel for Container Host: Focused on container workloads-.

What is Windows Admin Center?

Windows Admin Center is a modern, browser-based server management platform. It offers a streamlined, user-friendly interface similar to Azure for managing servers and infrastructure, replacing legacy tools like Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) for many tasks.

Explain the difference between a Hub, Switch, and Router.

While hubs are not explicitly detailed in the text, the text distinguishes between switches and routers. Switches forward frames within a local network (LAN) to ensure data reaches the correct device on the same segment. Routers forward packets across different networks, enabling communication between separate segments or the internet,.

What is an IP address?

An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a logical sequence of decimal numbers separated by dots (in IPv4) that uniquely identifies a host within a computer network.

What is a Network Operating System (NOS)?

A NOS is specialized software designed to manage, maintain, and provide services within a network environment, such as file sharing, authentication, and user administration. Examples include Windows Server, Linux Server, and macOS Server-.

How does the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture differ from Client/Server architecture?

In a P2P architecture, hosts do not have predefined roles; they dynamically switch between client and server roles based on activity, participating equally. In a Client/Server architecture, specific roles are assigned: dedicated servers provide services, and clients request them, which is the standard for enterprise environments due to scalability and central management-.

What are the distinct form factors of servers?

• Rack-mountable servers: Designed to be secured in racks in data centers.
• Blade servers: Modular, slim units allowing multiple servers in a compact shelf/chassis.
• Tower servers: Resemble vertical PC cases but contain advanced hardware, often used in small offices-.

What is the base platform for Windows Server 2025?

Windows Server 2025 is built upon the Windows 11 platform, specifically version 23H2 from the October 2023 update,.

What are the ranges for Class A, B, and C IPv4 addresses?

• Class A: 1–127
• Class B: 128–191
• Class C: 192–223.

Describe the key hardware components of a server.

The key components are:

• CPU: Handles processing and calculations (typically 64-bit).
• RAM: Working memory for the OS and applications.
• Disk Subsystem: Storage (HDD or SSD) for data; performance depends on read/write speeds.
• Network Interface: Facilitates connection to LANs and the internet-.

Does Windows Server 2025 require TPM 2.0?

Unlike Windows 11, Windows Server 2025 does not mandate TPM 2.0 for deployment, providing greater flexibility for various hardware environments.

What is Hotpatching in Windows Server 2025, and what are its requirements?

Hotpatching allows administrators to apply security updates without rebooting the server, minimizing downtime. To utilize it, the server requires Azure Arc connectivity, a Software Assurance subscription, and the use of Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) enclaves,,.

Explain the “32k database page size” enhancement in Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS).

In Windows Server 2025, the AD DS database page size is increased from 8k to 32k. This enhancement improves scalability by allowing the storage of larger directory objects and supporting multi-valued attributes with up to 3,200 values, which reduces database fragmentation,.

What is SMB over QUIC, and how has it changed in Windows Server 2025 compared to 2022?

SMB over QUIC allows the Server Message Block protocol to run over the QUIC protocol, providing secure, low-latency connectivity over untrusted networks like the internet without a VPN. In Windows Server 2022, it was introduced with initial support (Azure Edition only), but in Windows Server 2025, it can be configured across all editions,.

What is the role of Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) enclaves in Windows Server 2025 editions?

VBS enclaves provide an isolated environment that enhances security by protecting critical processes from potential threats. They are required to utilize features like Hotpatching and are used in the Datacenter, Standard, and Azure editions to ensure robust security,,.

Explain the difference between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing regarding address space.

IPv4 uses a 32-bit address format, offering approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses, which are now exhausted. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address format (hexadecimal), allowing for approximately 340 undecillion unique addresses, ensuring scalability for the growing number of connected devices,.

How does the “Domain Controller Location Algorithm” improvement in Windows Server 2025 affect legacy protocols?

The new algorithm modernizes the discovery process by eliminating reliance on legacy naming methods like WINS (Windows Internet Name Service) and Mailslots, resulting in a more efficient and secure location process.

What are the specific storage requirements for installing Windows Server 2025?

The minimum disk space required is 32 GB. However, the recommended requirements for optimal performance are a 256 GB SSD and a 1 TB HDD,.

In the context of subnetting, what is the default subnet mask for a Class B IPv4 address?

The default subnet mask for a Class B address is 255.255.0.0.

How does Windows Server 2025 differ from Server 2022 regarding TLS support?

Windows Server 2025 enables TLS 1.3 by default, improving network security by eliminating obsolete cryptographic algorithms and enhancing performance, whereas Server 2022 featured enhanced TLS support but did not default to 1.3 in the same manner.